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RULE OF PROCEDURE FOR SMALL CLAIMS CASES
SECTION
1. Title. — This Rule shall be known as “The Rule of Procedure for
Small Claims Cases.”
SEC.
2. Scope. — This Rule shall govern the procedure in actions before the
Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts in Cities, Municipal Trial
Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts for payment of money where the value
of the claim does not exceed One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) exclusive
of interest and costs.
SEC.
3. Definition of Terms. — For purposes of this Rule:
(a)
Plaintiff refers to the party who initiated a small claims action. The term
includes a defendant who has filed a counterclaim against plaintiff;
(b)
Defendant is the party against whom the plaintiff has filed a small claims
action. The term includes a plaintiff against whom a defendant has filed a
claim, or a person who replies to the claim;
(c)
Person is an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability
partnership, association, or other juridical entity endowed with personality by
law;
(d)
Individual is a natural person;
(e)
Motion means a party’s request, written or oral, to the court for an order or
other action. It shall include an informal written request to the court, such
as a letter;
(f)
Good cause means circumstances sufficient to justify the requested order or
other action, as determined by the judge; and
(g)
Affidavit means a written statement or declaration of facts that are sworn or
affirmed to be true.
SEC.
4. Applicability. — The Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial
Courts in Cities, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts
shall apply this Rule in all actions which are: (a) purely civil in nature
where the claim or relief prayed for by the plaintiff is solely for payment or
reimbursement of sum of money, and (b) the civil aspect of criminal actions,
either filed before the institution of the criminal action, or reserved upon
the filing of the criminal action in court, pursuant to Rule 111 of the Revised
Rules Of Criminal Procedure.
These
claims or demands may be:
(a)
For money owed under any of the following:
1.
Contract of Lease;
2. Contract of Loan;
3. Contract of Services;
4. Contract of Sale; or
5. Contract of Mortgage;
(b)
For damages arising from any of the following:
1.
Fault or negligence;
2. Quasi-contract; or
3. Contract;
(c)
The enforcement of a barangay amicable settlement or an arbitration award
involving a money claim covered by this Rule pursuant to Sec. 417 of Republic
Act 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991.
SEC.
5. Commencement of Small Claims Action. — A small claims action is
commenced by filing with the court an accomplished and verified Statement of
Claim (Form 1-SCC) in duplicate, accompanied by a Certification of Non-forum
Shopping (Form 1-A, SCC), and two (2) duly certified photocopies of the
actionable document/s subject of the claim, as well as the affidavits of
witnesses and other evidence to support the claim. No evidence shall be allowed
during the hearing which was not attached to or submitted together with the
Claim, unless good cause is shown for the admission of additional evidence.
No
formal pleading, other than the Statement of Claim described in this Rule, is
necessary to initiate a small claims action.
SEC.
6. Joinder of Claims. — Plaintiff may join in a single statement of
claim one or more separate small claims against a defendant provided that the
total amount claimed, exclusive of interest and costs, does not exceed
P100,000.00.
SEC.
7. Affidavits. — The affidavits submitted under this Rule shall state
only facts of direct personal knowledge of the affiants which are admissible in
evidence.
A
violation of this requirement shall subject the party, and the counsel who
assisted the party in the preparation of the affidavits, if any, to appropriate
disciplinary action. The inadmissible affidavit(s) or portion(s) thereof shall
be expunged from the record.
SEC.
8. Payment of Filing Fees. — The plaintiff shall pay the docket and
other legal fees prescribed under Rule 141 of the Revised Rules of Court,
unless allowed to litigate as an indigent.
A
claim filed with a motion to sue as indigent (Form 6-SCC) shall be referred to
the Executive Judge for immediate action in case of multi-sala courts, or to
the Presiding Judge of the court hearing the small claims case. If the motion
is granted by the Executive Judge, the case shall be raffled off or assigned to
the court designated to hear small claims cases. If the motion is denied, the
plaintiff shall be given five (5) days within which to pay the docket fees,
otherwise, the case shall be dismissed without prejudice. In no case shall a
party, even if declared an indigent, be exempt from the payment of the
P1,000.00 fee for service of summons and processes in civil cases.
SEC.
9. Dismissal of the Claim. — After the court determines that the case
falls under this Rule, it may, from an examination of the allegations of the
Statement of Claim and such evidence attached thereto, by itself, dismiss the
case outright on any of the grounds apparent from the Claim for the dismissal
of a civil action.
SEC.
10. Summons and Notice of Hearing. — If no ground for dismissal is
found, the court shall forthwith issue Summons (Form 2-SCC) on the day of
receipt of the Statement of Claim, directing the defendant to submit a verified
Response.
The
court shall also issue a Notice (Form 4-SCC) to both parties, directing them to
appear before it on a specific date and time for hearing, with a warning that
no unjustified postponement shall be allowed, as provided in Section 19 of this
Rule.
The
summons and notice to be served on the defendant shall be accompanied by a copy
of the Statement of Claim and documents submitted by plaintiff, and a copy of
the Response (Form 3-SCC) to be accomplished by the defendant. The Notice shall
contain an express prohibition against the filing of a motion to dismiss or any
other motion under Section 14 of this Rule.
SEC.
11. Response. — The defendant shall file with the court and serve on the
plaintiff a duly accomplished and verified Response within a non-extendible
period of ten (10) days from receipt of summons. The Response shall be
accompanied by certified photocopies of documents, as well as affidavits of
witnesses and other evidence in support thereof. No evidence shall be allowed
during the hearing which was not attached to or submitted together with the
Response, unless good cause is shown for the admission of additional evidence.
SEC.
12. Effect of Failure to File Response. — Should the defendant fail to
file his Response within the required period, the court by itself shall render
judgment as may be warranted by the facts alleged in the Statement of Claim
limited to what is prayed for. The court however, may, in its discretion,
reduce the amount of damages for being excessive or unconscionable.
SEC.
13. Counterclaims Within the Coverage of this Rule. — If at the time the
action is commenced, the defendant possesses a claim against the plaintiff that
(a) is within the coverage of this Rule, exclusive of interest and costs; (b)
arises out of the same transaction or event that is the subject matter of the
plaintiff’s claim; (c) does not require for its adjudication the joinder of
third parties; and (d) is not the subject of another pending action, the claim
shall be filed as a counterclaim in the Response; otherwise, the defendant
shall be barred from suit on the counterclaim.
The
defendant may also elect to file a counterclaim against the plaintiff that does
not arise out of the same transaction or occurrence, provided that the amount
and nature thereof are within the coverage of this Rule and the prescribed
docket and other legal fees are paid.
SEC.
14. Prohibited Pleadings and Motions. — The following pleadings,
motions, or petitions shall not be allowed in the cases covered by this Rule:
(a)
Motion to dismiss the complaint except on the ground of lack of jurisdiction;
(b)
Motion for a bill of particulars;
(c)
Motion for new trial, or for reconsideration of a judgment, or for reopening of
trial;
(d)
Petition for relief from judgment;
(e)
Motion for extension of time to file pleadings, affidavits, or any other paper;
(f)
Memoranda;
(g)
Petition for certiorari, mandamus, or prohibition against any interlocutory
order issued by the court;
(h)
Motion to declare the defendant in default;
(i)
Dilatory motions for postponement;
(j)
Reply;
(k)
Third-party complaints; and
(l)
Interventions.
SEC.
15. Availability of Forms; Assistance by Court Personnel. — The Clerk of
Court or other court personnel shall provide such assistance as may be
requested by a plaintiff or a defendant regarding the availability of forms and
other information about the coverage, requirements as well as procedure for
small claims cases.
SEC.
16. Appearance. — The parties shall appear at the designated date of
hearing personally or through a representative authorized under a Special Power
of Attorney (Form 5-SCC) to enter into an amicable settlement, to submit to
Judicial Dispute Resolution (JDR) and to enter into stipulations or admissions
of facts and of documentary exhibits.
SEC.
17. Appearance of Attorneys Not Allowed. — No attorney shall appear in
behalf of or represent a party at the hearing, unless the attorney is the
plaintiff or defendant.
If
the court determines that a party cannot properly present his/her claim or
defense and needs assistance, the court may, in its discretion, allow another
individual who is not an attorney to assist that party upon the latter’s
consent.
SEC.
18. Non-appearance of Parties. — Failure of the plaintiff to appear
shall be cause for the dismissal of the claim without prejudice. The defendant
who appears shall be entitled to judgment on a permissive counterclaim.
Failure
of the defendant to appear shall have the same effect as failure to file a
Response under Section 12 of this Rule.
This
shall not apply where one of two or more defendants who are sued under a common
cause of action and have pleaded a common defense appears at the hearing.
Failure
of both parties to appear shall cause the dismissal with prejudice of both the
claim and counterclaim.
SEC.
19. Postponement When Allowed. — A request for postponement of a hearing
may be granted only upon proof of the physical inability of the party to appear
before the court on the scheduled date and time. A party may avail of only one
(1) postponement.
SEC.
20. Duty of the Court. — At the beginning of the court session, the
judge shall read aloud a short statement explaining the nature, purpose and the
rule of procedure of small claims cases.
SEC.
21. Judicial Dispute Resolution. — At the hearing, the judge shall
conduct Judicial Dispute Resolution (JDR) through mediation, conciliation,
early neutral evaluation, or any other mode of JDR. Any settlement (Form 7-SCC)
or resolution (Form 8-SCC) of the dispute shall be reduced into writing, signed
by the parties and submitted to the court for approval (Form 12-SCC).
SEC.
22. Failure of JDR. — If JDR fails and the parties agree in writing
(Form 10-SCC) that the hearing of the case shall be presided over by the judge
who conducted the JDR, the hearing shall so proceed in an informal and
expeditious manner and terminated within one (1) day.
Absent
such agreement, (a) in case of a multi-sala court, the case shall, on the same
day, be transmitted (Form 11-SCC) to the Office of the Clerk of Court for
immediate referral by the Executive Judge to the pairing judge for hearing and
decision within five (5) working days from referral; and (b) in case of a
single sala court, the pairing judge shall hear and decide the case in the
court of origin within five (5) working days from referral by the JDR judge.
SEC.
23. Decision.—After the hearing, the court shall render its decision on
the same day, based on the facts established by the evidence (Form 13-SCC). The
decision shall immediately be entered by the Clerk of Court in the court docket
for civil cases and a copy thereof forthwith served on the parties.
The
decision shall be final and unappealable.
SEC.
24. Execution. — If the decision is rendered in favor of the plaintiff,
execution shall issue upon motion (Form 9-SCC).
SEC.
25. Applicability of the Rules of Civil Procedure. — The Rules of Civil Procedure
shall apply suppletorily insofar as they are not inconsistent with this Rule.
SEC.
26. Effectivity.—This Rule shall take effect on October 1, 2008 for the
pilot courts designated to apply the procedure for small claims cases following
its publication in two newspapers of general circulation.
